Globally, at least 450 million children and adolescents have a sight condition, especially refractive errors, that need treatment, with 90 million children living with some form of sight loss. Refractive errors, particularly myopia, are a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in children. The prevalence of myopia in children is rapidly increasing around the world. Uncorrected refractive error is the second major cause of blindness and low vision globally. Among children, the other leading causes of blindness and moderate-severe vision impairment are cataract, retinopathy of prematurity, congenital ocular anomalies, corneal scarring and cerebral visual impairment. Vision impairment in children can severely impact their educational outcomes, contribute to low self-esteem and their future socio-economic potential. To improve child eye health, reduce disability and improve the social wellbeing of children with refractive errors, comprehensive services are needed at community, primary, secondary, and tertiary level. This includes efforts to ensure equal access to eye care services, availability of resource, advocacy at relevant public and private sector forums and engagement with the relevant stakeholders to ensure the sustainability and ownership of services.